Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology utilizes the natural metabolism of microbes to generate electricity. It is “based on the principle of redox reactions”, where “the bacteria oxidize the organic matter to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), electrons, and protons” (ElProCus - Electronic Projects for Engineering Students, n.d.). 

Winogradsky column is a “miniature, enclosed ecosystem used for enriching sediment microbial communities, especially those involved in sulfur cycling” (Suter, Corbo and Blaize, 2022). The microorganisms that cannot be isolated with existing methods can be grown in a setting that closely replicates their natural environment. Winogradsky column is, therefore, essential for studying their “interactions with other organisms” (Suter, Corbo and Blaize, 2022). Apart from that, Winogradsky columns can be equipped with electrodes to perform as Microbial Fuel Cells, conducting electricity with products of microbial metabolism.